| Water Purification: 3 Ways of Treatment |
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Types:
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Carbon Filter |
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Reverse Osmosis |
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Distillation |
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How it works:
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Contaminated water is passed through a special heat treated activated carbon filter (usually converted from a coal or coconut) with an extremely high surface area. After a period of time, certain contaminants are "absorbed" on the surface of the filter. The "treated water" passes through the filter. |
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A synthetic chemical "blanket" is wound on to a tight coil through which the contaminated water is passed under high pressure. "Clean water" passes through the membrane leaving behind many of the contaminants to be flushed away. |
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Contaminated water is fed into a "boiling tank" where the water is heated electrically and boiled for a long period thus killing bacteria. The steam rises and is collected in a condenser where it is cooled and converted into high purity distilled water. |
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Effectiveness:
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Biological Contaminants:
Poor
Inorganic Chemicals:
Poor
Organic Chemicals:
Excellent
Radioactive Contaminants:
Very Good for Gases, Poor for Inorganics |
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Biological Contaminants:
Poor to Fair
Inorganic Chemicals:
Very Good when New
Organic Chemicals:
Fair
Radioactive Contaminants:
Poor for Gases, Very Good for Inorganics when New |
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Biological Contaminants:
Excellent
Inorganic Chemicals:
Excellent
Organic Chemicals:
Very Good
Radioactive Contaminants:
Very Good |
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Advantages:
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Effective removal of many organic contaminants when filter is new
Effective removal of chlorine
Good for taste and odor removal
Generally lower initial cost |
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Can be very effective in inorganic removal when membranes are new
Broader spectrum of effectiveness than carbon filters |
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Effective removal of all categories of contaminants ("Full Spectrum")
Process based on laws of evaporation and precipitation, not on physical barriers
Consistenly high purity water produced
No expensive membranes to replace
Stainless steel contruction will last for 10 years or more
Works under almost any condition
Not dependent on pH of water, temperature or pressure |
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Disadvantages:
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Do not remove "Full Spectrum" of contaminants
"Treated" water must pass through the contaminants previously removed
Most effective when new
Filters are "barriers" between good and bad water. If the barrier is "broken," the system looses effectiveness
Difficult to know when it should be replaced |
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Not a "Full Spectrum" system
Relies on a physical barrier (the membrane) between the contaminated water and the "treated" water
Most effective when new
Effectiveness declines as the membrane is used
Membrane can be a breeding place for bacteria
Requires high pressure to operate effectively
Is temperature dependent - loss treated water is produced at lower temperatures
Is pH sensitive - membrane needs ti be pre-selected for the water conditions
Membranes require periodic replacement and are expensive
Difficult to know when to replace the membranes
Requires professional servicing
Waters water to produce "treated water" |
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Occasional maintenance required
Requires energy to operate |
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